In the Latter Period Ryukyus, families of the samurai class and town farmers lived in the urban districts, and farmers lived in the countryside. Movement of residence was strictly prohibited. There were some exceptions to this rule, such as when it was permitted for a Samurai to engage in agriculture in cases where there was no work and they immigrated into an agricultural area. The villages of samurai like this were called Yadoi. In the ancient Ryukyus, the municipalities were called Magiri and Shima. The Magiri became modern cities or towns, the designation Shima corresponds to the current designation of village. In the Latter Period Ryukyus, public offices called Bandokoro and Muraya were established to replace the Magiri and Shima system. A farmer with leadership qualities was appointed as Jito, a kind of feudal lord and a total of five officials were charged with administrating a Bandokoro office. Additionally, lower ranked public officials were placed in charge of administration and guidance of cultivated and timbered land. These were placed in city offices called Muraya. Within the cultivated area of an agricultural village, land was provided to farmers for agriculture, and also to the Jito, Magiri public officials, and ceremonial priestesses called Noro. Other areas that were not yet in cultivation were approved for reclamation as private land. Farmers had a duty to pay land tax in rice or sugar as well as cultivate the land of the officials of the villages. They had to pay two-thirds of their income to the Ryukyu Kingdom, Jito, district public officials and Noro priestesses, obtaining one third of their production as profit. The weight of this tax duty was an extreme burden to the farmers. This, together with strict enforcement in levying land tax caused a contradictory increase in nonpayment and the impoverishment of agricultural villages.